Byte values are hexadecimal. Channels are numbered 1–16 in code and 0–15 in the status byte. Every
message carries its own status byte; resonon never sends running status. The functions named here are
in the MIDI reference.
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Note-on | 9n note velocity |
| Note-off | 8n note 00. A note-on with velocity 0 is never sent. |
| Note number | Rounded, and clamped to 0–127 |
| Velocity | 0–127. Default 100. A ^v in a pattern wins over the track’s .set_velocity(). |
| Velocity from a signal | Read when the note starts; rounded, and clamped to 1–127 |
Incoming note-on with velocity 0 | Read as a note-off |
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Message | Bn controller value |
| Controller | 0–127 |
| Value | 0–127, rounded and clamped, from a number, pattern or signal |
| From a signal | Sent only when the value changes, at most 30 times a second, or the rate set with .set_send_rate() |
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Message | En lsb msb, 14 bits; centre 8192 (00 40) |
| Range | .set_tuning() ±2 semitones; .set_mpe() ±48; either takes 0 < range ≤ 96 |
| Range message | RPN 0: Bn 65 00, Bn 64 00, Bn 06 semitones, Bn 26 00 — before the first note on a channel when the range is not 2, and again whenever it changes |
| Beyond the range | Clamped |
| Order | Bend before the note-on; back to centre right after the note-off, on the same sample |
Two microtonal notes that overlap on one channel, outside MPE, share one bend: resonon prints a
warning.
.set_mpe(range, lo, hi): a lower zone with member channels lo–hi, default 2–16.
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Zone message | On the first MPE note of a port: RPN 6 on channel 1, B0 65 00, B0 64 06, B0 06 members, B0 26 00, where members is the number of member channels |
| Bend range | RPN 0 with the range on every member channel, sent with the zone message |
| Channel for a note | The next member channel in turn; when all are busy, the one whose note ends soonest |
| Per-note expression sent | Pitch bend only: no channel pressure, no CC 74 |
Sent when set_midi_clock_send(true) is on and the port’s entry has send_clock.
| Message | Byte | Sent |
|---|
| Timing clock | F8 | 24 per quarter note, from the audio thread |
| Start | FA | Playback starts from the very top: PLAY or RECORD from stopped, a SEEK to 0 while playing |
| Continue | FB | Playback starts anywhere else: PLAY or RECORD from paused, a SEEK while playing, a port that starts receiving clock while playing |
| Stop | FC | PAUSE, STOP; a SEEK while playing, before the new position |
| Song position | F2 lsb msb | Before every Continue: the first sixteenth at or after the play head. In sixteenths; it wraps at 16384 |
In each audio buffer, transport messages go first, then clock ticks, then notes. Transport messages
go out at the top of the buffer the play head starts, stops or lands in. Each tick is sent on the
sample the play head reaches it, the rule notes follow, so a tick on a beat lands with that beat’s
notes. A tempo change bends the ticks with the music, with no burst and no gap. The first tick after
Continue is the sixteenth its song position names.
set_midi_clock_source("alias") follows the clock of an input port:
| Message received | What resonon does |
|---|
| Start | Moves to the start, and plays from the next clock tick |
| Stop | Pauses |
| Song position | Keeps it for the next Continue |
| Continue | Moves to the kept position exactly, if there is one, and plays from the next clock tick |
| Clock tick | Tempo; and the play head’s phase, which is steered onto the source by up to ±0.5 % in speed, never by a jump |
| Event | Sent |
|---|
PAUSE, STOP, the start of playback | A note-off for every note resonon started that is still sounding, and pitch bend back to centre on every channel it bent |
SEEK, playing or paused; section.play(); PLAY after the audio device has been away | The same |
The third STOP in a row | The same |
| An output port closed or unplugged | The note-offs, then on all 16 channels CC 64 0 (sustain off) and CC 123 (all notes off), then pitch bend centre |
| An input port disconnected | CC 123 on the output channel of every track playing it through |
CC 120 (all sound off) is never sent.
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Timestamps | Every message is scheduled for when the audio it belongs with reaches the converter (set_midi_latency("auto"), the default), plus the port’s trim_ms — and for clock, clock_trim_ms |
| Trims | −500 to 500 ms; a value outside is ignored |
| Off macOS | Messages are sent when the audio callback reaches them; the timestamp is not passed to the driver |
| Ports | At most 32 per session |
| Thru | More than 2000 messages in 100 ms stops thru on that input for 1 second |
| System exclusive | Not read or forwarded |
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Resolution | 480 ticks per quarter note; a cycle is 4 quarter notes |
midi_export(pattern, …) | A type 0 file |
midi_export(track, …), midi_export(#[tracks], …) | A type 1 file; the tempo is in the first track |
| Default path | renders/<name>_<date>_<time>/export.mid, or <track>.mid for one track |
